This is a Home Office notifiable schedule 5 toxin. As this product is a toxin, customers are required to complete a short end user declaration when ordering. Our customer care team will be happy to help you with this.
Customer comments
Great product! TTX citrate works great and is very effective for neuroscience study. I have used this product for many years. Other products are excellent as well Verified customer, Texas A&M University, USA
Works as it should for a reasonable price. The citrate version dissolves easily in water at 1mM and blocks action potentials quickly and reversibly at 0.5µM. Verified customer, Heidelberg University, Germany
Excellent, good value product. We have bought this product for many years and it has always performed as it should. It dissolves quickly and is highly effective at the doses suggested by the literature. We will continue to buy it from Hello Bio. Verified customer, UCL, UK
...worked perfectly as expected and blocked action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM and above. I would recommend the use of Tetrodotoxin citrate from Hello Bio for use in electrophysiology recordings. Matt Udakis, University of Bath, UK
Figure 1. TTX citrate mediated inhibition of action potential firing upon post synaptic current injection in cortical neuron
Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM For assay protocol, see #Protocol 1 in Application Notes below.
Figure 2. TTX citrate mediated inhibition of electrically evoked EPSP and action potential within cortical neuron
Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM For assay protocol, see #Protocol 2 in Application Notes below.
Figure 3. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made from primary cultured rat cortical neurons.
Neurons are voltage clamped with a holding voltage of -70 mV. Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (SEPSCs) are recorded. 100 nM was then bath applied in the perfusate, resulting in the rapid elimination of action potential spiking.
Figure 4. Whole-cell current clamp recordings using a K+-based filling solution
Whole-cell current clamp recordings were made from primary cultured rat cortical neurons using a K+-based filling solution. Neurons were injected with 600 pa current for 400 ms. 100 nM TTX was then bath applied in the perfusate, and the stimulus repeated. Example traces show the evoked action potentials eliminated following TTX perfusion.
Tetrodotoxin Citrate: Scientist Approved
Figure 1. TTX citrate mediated inhibition of action potential firing upon post synaptic current injection in cortical neuron
Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM For assay protocol, see #Protocol 1 in Application Notes below.
Figure 2. TTX citrate mediated inhibition of electrically evoked EPSP and action potential within cortical neuron
Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM For assay protocol, see #Protocol 2 in Application Notes below.
Figure 3. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made from primary cultured rat cortical neurons.
Neurons are voltage clamped with a holding voltage of -70 mV. Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (SEPSCs) are recorded. 100 nM was then bath applied in the perfusate, resulting in the rapid elimination of action potential spiking.
Figure 4. Whole-cell current clamp recordings using a K+-based filling solution
Whole-cell current clamp recordings were made from primary cultured rat cortical neurons using a K+-based filling solution. Neurons were injected with 600 pa current for 400 ms. 100 nM TTX was then bath applied in the perfusate, and the stimulus repeated. Example traces show the evoked action potentials eliminated following TTX perfusion.
Tetrodotoxin Citrate: Scientist Approved
Biological Data
Biological description
Potent, selective and reversible, voltage dependent Na+ channel blocker. Use dependent. Citrate Salt. Commonly used in electrophysiological preparations to block or reduce excitability.
Application notes
Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 μM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing at concentrations of 100 nM and above (see Fig 1 and 2 above).
#Protocol 1: Effect of TTX citrate on action potentials in mouse cortical neurons
Whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex brain slice.
Neurons were held at the resting membrane potential (~ -70 mV) and injected with a 500 pA 300 ms current step to induce action potential firing.
TTX was bath applied for 10 min first at 100 nM then 300 nM, 1 μM and 2 μM. After each drug application a current step was recorded to assess action potential blockade.
#Protocol 2: Effect of TTX citrate on EPSPs and action potential firing in mouse cortical neurons
Whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex brain slice.
Neurons were held at the resting membrane potential (~ -70 mV) and EPSP were evoked by placing a stimulating electrode close to the recorded the neuron in layer II/III.
EPSPs and action potentials were evoked by single square (150 μs) pulse every 10 sec with an intensity that produced both an EPSP and action potential.
TTX was bath applied for 10 min first at 100 nM then 300 nM, 1 μM and 2 μM whist continually evoking and recording EPSP/A.Ps.
Solubility & Handling
Storage instructions
-20°C (desiccate)
Solubility overview
Soluble in water (1 mg/ml). The vial contains 1 mg of TTX and an additional 5 mg of citrate buffer to aid with solubility. For calculations relating to TTX concentration, refer to the molecular weight 319.27 listed on the vial.
Important
This product is for RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Not for human or veterinary use.
Telencephalic outputs from the medial entorhinal cortex are copied directly to the hippocampus
Sürmeli et al (2021) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.10.434566 : doi
Convergent, functionally independent signaling by mu and delta opioid receptors in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons
Banghar et al (2021) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.23.441199 : doi
Downregulation of kainate receptors regulating GABAergic transmission in amygdala after early life stress is associated with anxiety-like behavior in rodents
Englund et al (2021) Transl Psychiatry. 538. : 11(1)
![Tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX citrate) [18660-81-6] Chemical Structure](https://hellobio.com/media/catalog/product//h/b/hb1035_1.png "Tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX citrate) [18660-81-6]")
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