Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101)

(HB0838)
Technical documents: SDS CoA Datasheet
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Product overview

Name Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101)
Biological description

Overview

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) is a red fluorescent dye which is water-soluble and non-fixable.

It is a preferential astrocyte marker both in vitro and in vivo and is frequently used in neurophysiological experiments. It also labels oligodendrocytes.

The exact uptake mechanism of SR101 is unclear. It is thought that SR-101 is taken up by astrocytes and diffuses through the astrocyte syncytium via gap junctions.

 

Uses and applications

The dye is commonly used for in vivo brain imaging and allows in vivo imaging of oligodendrocytes. It may be applied topically to the exposed cortex or administered via injection.

The dye has a wide range of applications. For example, it is often used to identify astrocytes, to counterstain astrocytes and has been extensively used with calcium-sensitive dyes to distinguish calcium signals derived from neurons and astrocytes.

Caution and care

Care should be taken when using the dye as it is not as specific for astrocytes as initially reported and as the dye labels oligodendrocytes, it cannot be assumed that all SR101 labelled cells are astrocytes.

The dye also differs in staining intensity depending on the brain region being investigated (it does not label astrocytes in brainstem slices as strongly or specifically as in the hippocampus or cortex).

SR101 also has effects on excitatory neuronal activity and can induce cortical seizure-like activity.

Hülsmann et al (2017) recommend that to minimize excitatory side effects, SR101 concentrations should be kept as low as possible or the labelling procedure could be carried out after the experiment.

If possible, researchers should carry out additional measures to confirm specificity of SR101 staining in their experiments (e.g. electrophysiological whole-cell recordings of SR101-labeled cells and post hoc IHC).

Purity >98%
Description Red fluorescent dye. Preferential astrocyte marker. Also labels oligodendrocytes.
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Images

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) product vial image | Hello Bio

Solubility & Handling

Storage instructions +4°C
Solubility overview Soluble in water (50 mM), and in DMSO (50 mM)
Important This product is for RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Not for human or veterinary use

Calculators

Molarity

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Dilution

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Chemical Data

Purity >98%
Chemical name 9-(2,4-Disulfophenyl)-2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octahydro-1H,5H,11H,15H-xantheno[2,3,4-ij:5,6,7-ij]diquinolizin-18-ium inner salt
Molecular Weight 606.71
Chemical structure Sulforhodamine 101 | [60311-02-6] Chemical Structure
Molecular Formula C31H30N2O7S2
CAS Number 60311-02-6
PubChem identifier 122180
SMILES C1CC2=C3C(=C4C(=C2)C(=C5C=C6CCC[N+]7=C6C(=C5O4)CCC7)C8=C(C=C(C=C8)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])CCCN3C1
InChiKey COIVODZMVVUETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MDL number MFCD00012407
Excitation 586 nM
Emission 606 nM

References for Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101)

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product
  • In Vivo Two Photon Imaging of Astrocytic Structure and Function in Alzheimer's Disease.

    Kelly et al (2018) Front Aging Neurosci 19 : 10:219
  • Limitations of Sulforhodamine 101 for Brain Imaging.

    Hülsmann et al (2017) Front Cell Neurosci. 28 : 11:44
  • Sulforhodamine 101, a widely used astrocyte marker, can induce cortical seizure-like activity at concentrations commonly used.

    Rasmussen et al (2016) Sci Rep. 26 : 6:30433
  • In vivo imaging of oligodendrocytes with sulforhodamine 101.

    Hill et al (2014) Nat Methods 11(11) : 1081-2
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15782150

    Nimmerjahn et al (2004) Nat Methods 1(1) : 31-7

5 Item(s)

Publications
These publications cite the use of Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) purchased from Hello Bio:
  • Tissue harvest with a laser microbiopsy.

    King JB et al (2022) Journal of biomedical optics 27 : 125001
    PubMedID: 36530344
  • Laser microbiopsy with virtual H&E imaging for rapid minimally invasive diagnosis

    King et al (2022) Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems Proceedings Volume 11949

2 Item(s)