±-Octopamine hydrochloride

Invertebrate neurotransmitter which is structurally related to noradrenaline. Acts as a neurohormone, neuromodulator and neurotransmitter in invertebrates. Gαs-coupled DmOctβ1 receptor (EC₅₀ value = ~12 nM at DmOctβ1R). Shown to activate the chemogenetic Gαs-coupled DmOctβ1 receptor in mouse excitatory neurons of the hippocampus to elevate cAMP levels in tissue expressing the receptor. This approach has been shown to make animals resilient to memory deficits normally caused by sleep loss and to render hippocampal synaptic plasticity resilient to sleep deprivation.