Angiotensin II (human)

Angiotensin II is a peptide endocrine hormone which is involved in a variety of biological processes.

Angiotensin II is the primary effector of the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) which is a central component of the physiological/ pathophysiological responses of the cardiovascular system.

Stimulation with angiotensin II modulates blood pressure and regulates vasoconstriction and salt/water homeostasis.

Angiotensin II is also associated with induction of smooth muscle cell growth.

Angiotensin II is also involved in the inflammatory process. It is considered a growth factor that regulates cell growth and fibrosis. It increases adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines and exerts a proinflammatory effect on various cell types (e.g. leucocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells).

Angiotensin II is also a substrate for ACE2.